Sabotage vulnerability at key European power links flagged by TSO executive

Grid links to Germany, UK, Netherlands and Denmark aren’t always well protected or fully covered, Statnett safety director tells Recharge’s sister publication Europower

The tanker "Eagle S" was taken into custody after the cable break in the Baltic Sea. The ship was boarded by police from a helicopter in cooperation with the Finnish Coast Guard. The ship was then ordered to land in Finland, where it remains.
The tanker "Eagle S" was taken into custody after the cable break in the Baltic Sea. The ship was boarded by police from a helicopter in cooperation with the Finnish Coast Guard. The ship was then ordered to land in Finland, where it remains.Photo: Finnish Coast Guard / NTB

Subsea power cables linking Norway to other European countries could face sabotage as they aren’t always well protected, nor fully covered, the safety director at Norwegian transmission system operator Statnett said.

The comment came after a ship sailing under a Cook Island flag but believed to belong to Russia’s so-called ‘shadow fleet’ on Christmas Day with its anchor severed the 650MW Estlink power cable between Finland and Estonia in what is suspected to be an act of deliberate sabotage remote-controlled by Russia.

Similar acts of sabotage happened earlier last year on power and gas cables in the Baltic Sea, caused by vessels under Chinese flags that had temporarily switched off their automatic identification systems and are suspected to have acted on behalf of Russia as part of the country’s hybrid warfare against Western countries.

“What happened in the Baltic Sea shows that it is entirely possible” to deliberately destroy Norwegian submarine cables with a heavy anchor, Kjetil Sørli, security director at Statnett, told Recharge’s Norwegian sister publication Europower.

Norway has power cables linking it to the UK, the Netherlands, Germany and Denmark, which are needed to balance out electricity shortages in one region when there is a generation surplus in another.

Asked whether it is possible to protect such cables against attacks at all, Sørli said that they are buried in the seabed in some places, covered by a layer of rocks in others, but can also lie completely exposed on the seabed elsewhere.

“This was done after a risk assessment based on the fact that there is no anchoring or trawling in the area. Or because it is not possible to cover the cables, for example where there are mountain slopes where rocks will not settle,” Sørli is quoted as telling Europower.

“The preparedness consists of repair preparedness.” Also, coverage isn’t always very deep. A 12-centimetre-wide power cable to Germany, for example, is only covered by one meter of sand and mud, Europower said, pointing to previous information by cable provider Nexans.

In areas with rocky bottoms, the cables are covered by dumping rocks over them unless the seabed is so steep that it is not possible, for example in up to 400-metre-deep Norwegian fjords.

Since Russia’s attack on Ukraine, Statnett has been in close contact with Norwegian authorities, the police and the military, but the company said it can’t monitor ship activities itself.

“We have a closer dialogue to obtain information if they learn of increased threats to our facilities. We also update our employees more often about reporting if they observe anything suspicious,” Sørli said.

Suspicious activity happened again last weekend when a Panama-flagged tanker believed to belong to Russia’s shadow fleet was reported to be circling seemingly aimlessly in the North Sea, off the town of Mandal in southern Norway, an area with several different cables on the seabed.

Norway’s coast guard was in contact with the ship several times before it headed out of the area after a week, according to local newspaper Aftenposten. No good explanation was ever given for the movement pattern of the 236-metre ship.
This article is based on an interview story by Europower journalist Haakon Barstad
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Published 7 January 2025, 09:33Updated 7 January 2025, 09:33
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