Nato should move up a gear to protect critical offshore wind assets
OPINION | Summit marked welcome shift on defence of critical infrastructure but gaps remain for offshore wind, writes Stefan Thimm
The Baltic Sea is increasingly at the centre of geopolitical tensions, putting critical infrastructure such as offshore wind assets at heightened risk.
As offshore wind becomes essential for European energy supply and the transition to renewables, the need for secure and resilient infrastructure has never been more urgent.
Offshore wind farms rely on extensive undersea cables and transmission systems, making them especially vulnerable. Despite setbacks, such as Sweden’s delayed expansion plans, the Baltic Sea is still expected to see several gigawatts of offshore wind capacity added this decade.
The Nato summit’s joint statement introduced measures such as activating the Commander Task Force-Baltic in Rostock, enhancing surveillance, and fostering partnerships with private-sector stakeholders. These efforts are vital, but their success will depend on effective implementation, especially considering Germany’s complex security frameworks.
Strengthening offshore wind resilience
Nato’s recognition of critical undersea infrastructure marks a welcome shift toward proactive defence. Initiatives like the Maritime Centre for the Security of Critical Undersea Infrastructure and the Critical Undersea Infrastructure Network are promising. They reflect the offshore wind industry’s need for real-time threat detection and rapid response.
The mentioned necessity for collaboration between Nato, the EU and private operators is particularly encouraging. Offshore wind farms, often operated by multinational consortia, require coordinated security measures. Nato’s acknowledgment of shared responsibility through these partnerships is a positive development.
Addressing gaps and challenges
Despite these advancements, several gaps remain:
Germany has already taken steps, including strengthening coordination through the Maritime Security Centre in Cuxhaven and enhancing police capabilities. However, broader international cooperation and legal clarity are essential.
The offshore wind industry is not only a beneficiary of enhanced security measures but also a key contributor to resilience in the Baltic Sea region. By diversifying energy sources and reducing reliance on fossil fuels, offshore wind strengthens the strategic autonomy of Nato and EU member states.
To maximise its impact, the sector is increasingly integrated into Nato’s planning. Sharing data on infrastructure vulnerabilities, improving public-private partnerships, and advancing technologies like underwater drones and autonomous monitoring systems could significantly enhance security.
We welcome an exchange with Nato and other stakeholders to explore synergies and develop collaborative approaches to these challenges.
A call for ongoing action
Nato’s measures are a critical first step in securing the Baltic Sea’s infrastructure. However, additional efforts are needed. Investments in physical and cybersecurity, clearer legal frameworks, and closer collaboration with the private sector are essential to address the unique challenges faced by the offshore wind industry.
By working together, Nato, the EU, and industry stakeholders can build a resilient energy future for the Baltic Sea region.
- Stefan Thimm is managing director at German offshore wind industry association BWO