Trump's 'kept promises' could derail nascent US offshore wind industry: analysts

More than $24bn in supply chain investments and state procurement targets of some 80GW on the line if president-elect follows through on vow to halt sector development

Donald Trump speaking with attendees at The People's Convention at Huntington Place in Detroit, Michigan, June 2024 . .
Donald Trump speaking with attendees at The People's Convention at Huntington Place in Detroit, Michigan, June 2024 . .Photo: Gage Skidmore/CC BY-SA 2.0

President-elect Donald Trump said in his acceptance speech that he would govern by the motto: “Promises made, promises kept.”

Among those were a promise to end offshore wind development “on day one” of his term, raising the stakes for the nascent sector propelled by outgoing President Joe Biden’s administration.

The US offshore wind industry has handled Trump’s election with stoicism, pledging to work with the new administration. Analysts and industry watchers are skeptical of its prospects, however.

If Trump implements his stated intention to halt offshore wind development, “it is possible that he could direct the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) to impose a moratorium on offshore wind construction activities,” said John Murray, senior research analyst, S&P Global Commodity Insights

“Additionally, it is anticipated that the Trump administration would instruct BOEM to slow its permitting process for offshore wind projects,” he told Recharge. BOEM is the lead federal regulator overseeing offshore wind development.

Biden put offshore wind at the heart of his climate and emissions agenda, galvanising development with 30GW by 2030 goal.

Under his watch, BOEM approved 15GW of capacity and held six lease sales that auctioned off 1.8 million acres (72,843 sq.km) of seabed holding some 218GW of potential capacity.

On the strength of federal actions, some $24.4bn in direct investment in factories, ports and vessels has flowed into the sector, according to industry advocate Oceanic Network.

Much of this happened since passage of landmark climate legislation the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) in 2022 that lavishes tax incentives on clean energy deployment and manufacturing.

American Clean Power Association (ACP) puts the industry on track to raise $65bn in investment by 2030.

ACP noted that only about 30% of investment has actually broken ground or is in operation, with most of it is still in announced status, with “some likelihood not all announced investments will reach fruition,” the industry advocate said in its sector report in July.

Uncertainty surrounding Trump’s election “makes it near impossible for supply chain players to make investment decisions in new manufacturing sites with confidence,” said Oliver Metcalfe, head of wind research at BloombergNEF.

Redirected capital

Trump has the IRA in his crosshairs as well, adding to uncertainty.

“If this continues, the fledgling US offshore wind industry will be heavily reliant on a mainly European supply chain for longer,” Metcalfe told Recharge.

This will contribute to already high costs and weaken a key industry selling point of jobs creation.

This uncertainty extends to clean energy investment in general, and research consultancy Wood Mackenzie slashed its renewables deployment estimate by 30% in its latest update.

Norwegian research firm Rystad Energy said that Trump’s skepticism of renewables could result in “regulatory and funding priorities more likely to favour fossil fuel infrastructure than low-carbon energy,” according to Lars Nitter Havro, head of energy macro.

“The compounded effect of these policies could reduce growth expectations in the US wind and solar sectors, creating investment risks and potentially redirecting capital to more supportive international markets,” he told Recharge.

State targets

It would likewise throw state targets into disarray as well. States have procured some 19GW on around 80GW of goals and mandates, most of which remain in the federal permitting pipeline.

New Jersey for example has procured over 4GW of capacity towards its 11GW by 2040 target, but only Shell-EDF’s 1.5GW Atlantic Shores array has been permitted.

Beyond project approvals, a moratorium on leasing could derail Delaware and Maryland's sector ambitions.

Delaware has only recently entered the offshore wind arena with 1.2GW target, while Maryland has been vastly more ambitious with an 8.5GW by 2031 mandate. US Wind’s 1GW of contracted capacity to Maryland and another gigawatt approved by BOEM will get the state on its way but a clear path to the remaining 6.5GW is murky without additional leasing rounds.
The bulk of wind energy acreage sold in BOEM’s first Central Atlantic leasing round went to Dominion Energy of Virginia, which will likely be deployed to meet that state's 5.2GW by 2035 mandate.
Dustyn Thompson, chapter director for Sierra Club Delaware, told Recharge: “We're focused on how we can be powerful as a region” to take on the Trump administration’s anti-offshore wind stance.
“If states try to go at this administration alone, we are far more likely to lose whereas if we can work together in the region… we feel like we're going to be in a much stronger position,” he told Recharge.
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Published 8 November 2024, 00:14Updated 8 November 2024, 00:14
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