Will US DoJ fight case against Shell-backed offshore wind project Trump wants 'dead and gone'?

Litigation against Shell-EDF's 1.5GW Atlantic Shores array to New Jersey targeted repeatedly by new president

Donald Trump at an election rally in New Jersey where he made his threats against offshore wind.
Donald Trump at an election rally in New Jersey where he made his threats against offshore wind.Photo: Michael M Santiago/Getty Images

A lawsuit filed against the US federal government over its approval of Shell-EDF’s giant Atlantic Shores offshore wind array off New Jersey is hoping for a lackluster defence by a Department of Justice (DoJ) now operating under Donald Trump, its backers said.

The suit was filed 10 January by Thomas Stavola on behalf of civic group Save LBI [Long Beach Island] in the Federal District Court for the District of New Jersey.

It claims that the federal government led by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) was derelict in its duties under multiple statutes to preserve the survival of critically endangered species, most notably the North Atlantic right whale.

It is “our hope that the DoJ will determine that a defence should not be mounted against our current litigations,” Stavola told Recharge. “Hopefully, this spirals into a critical appraisal of all offshore wind projects.”
Legal experts have told Recharge this is a possibility under Trump.

Trump's target

On his first day in office, ardent sector critic Trump issued an executive order that not only banned future offshore wind leasing but put already permitted projects under review with the goal of “terminating or amending” them.
Moreover, Trump has specifically and frequently targeted Atlantic Shores, including on a recent post on his social media platform Truth Social, in which he said: “Hopefully the project is dead and gone, as almost all unsightly and environmentally unsound Windmill project[s] should be.”
Under a Trump administration, the DoJ “could decide not to defend a challenged federal agency authorisation or decide to settle with the opposing party in a way that creates problems for the developer,” Paul Weiland, a partner at Nossaman LLP, previously told Recharge in an article on the potential scenarios if Trump came to power.
His anti-wind order gives the DoJ the discretion of staying or seeking “other appropriate relief consistent with this order”. DoJ public affairs declined to comment to Recharge.
The administration of former President Joe Biden greenlit Atlantic Shores for up to 3GW of capacity in two projects last October. The array has an offtake contract for 1.5GW to New Jersey but is reportedly in renegotiations for a higher rate after years of inflation.

Atlantic Shores declined to comment, stating that they are in their “quiet period” in the runup to joint venture partner Shell’s quarterly results presentation 30 January.

Marine mammal acoustics

The latest lawsuit against the project takes on the fundamental science of marine acoustics related to offshore wind construction.

Marine mammals rely on sonar to navigate, and the bombardment of construction noise can impact their hearing, leading to disorientation and collision with seagoing vessels, the leading cause of death.

To mitigate against this, the offshore wind sector relies on observers stationed on construction vessels to watch for signs of whales, sea turtles and other wildlife. These observers are required to stop operations of the vessel if wildlife veer too close.

For very loud construction activities, most notably the driving of giant monopile foundations, bubble curtains are deployed that can minimise the dissipation of noise through the marine environment.

These measures rely on acoustic data and models to demonstrate how far and at what volume sound travels through the environment to determine safe operating conditions.

Bob Stern, the head of Save LBI, told Recharge: “we're contending that they've made very optimistic assumptions that are not based in science or fact.”

“These assumptions are very critical to the real analysis of how far the noise goes and how many animals get affected,” he said. “We're contending in this lawsuit that those calculations are not right, and we've tried to put our own numbers in there.”

The expert witness brought in to counter the data is Stern himself, who Stavole says has a dual doctorate from New York University in Applied Mathematics and Aeronautical Engineering.

“He is an expert in the physics and mathematics of noise propagation which is of course very relevant here,” Stavole said.

Widespread risk

All of the US offshore wind projects rely on similar acoustic models, potentially exposing them all to having their environmental permits pulled if the suit's arguments are accepted.

It is our hope “that the Secretary of Interior will incorporate our legal arguments regarding various violations of environmental statutes and regulations as justification to rescind Records of Decision [ROD] on the East Coast,” said Stavole.

The administration of former President Joe Biden issued RODs – which greenlight projects' environmental reviews, clearing the way for construction – for nearly 19GW of capacity that the US industry had thought was safe from Trump's ire.

Many of these projects likewise face litigation.

The suit could also impact New Jersey's grand plans for 11GW of sector capacity by 2040. The state has three projects under contract, including Atlantic Shores, but two of them are in new leases in the New York Bight and will likely not advance under Trump.

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Published 28 January 2025, 21:32Updated 29 January 2025, 23:09
AmericasUSDonald TrumpShellEDF